![]() PROCESS FOR PROCESSING AND EXTRACTING ELECTRONIC WASTE FOR RECOVERING COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN SUCH WA
专利摘要:
According to the invention, there is provided a method for treating electronic waste with a view to recovering metals included in such waste, characterized in that it comprises the following succession of steps: - grinding the waste with a particle size specific to individualizing the different metallic constituents of the waste, - mixing the crushed waste with a liquid to form a suspension, - hydrocycling the suspension to separate the particles of the highest densities, containing the majority of the metals, from the particles of the lowest densities, - densimetric separation of metals from each other. The invention makes it possible to recover in a particularly economical, ecological and efficient manner most or all of the metals contained in such waste. 公开号:FR3025806A1 申请号:FR1458646 申请日:2014-09-15 公开日:2016-03-18 发明作者:Stephane Peys;Ashley O'sullivan 申请人:Bigarren Bizi; IPC主号:
专利说明:
[0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the treatment of articles comprising plastic materials and various metals, and in particular so-called electronic waste, for the recovery of materials composing the latter, and in particular the metals used in the manufacture such waste. This waste may include electronic cards, memory cards, smart cards, and other article circuits with discrete or integrated electronic components. [0002] STATE OF THE ART These electronic waste essentially comprise two families of materials, namely on the one hand polymeric materials, and on the other hand metals, some precious and some less, and in particular silver, copper , iron, lead, tin, gold, silver, aluminum, and tantalum. The recovery of these metals is today an extremely important challenge in view of the ecological motivations to recover and recycle unusable or deteriorated waste, and the growing scarcity of certain metals. There is therefore an economic interest, but ecological interest in treating this waste to recover the materials likely to be reused, including metals. However, this treatment encounters significant difficulties: the quantity of each of the metals to be recovered is relatively small compared with the total weight or the total volume of this waste; - These same waste include different metals that it is a priori difficult to separate in view of their neighboring properties especially in terms of densities for certain metals; the presence of polymeric materials in the waste further complicates the treatments. [0003] Thus, the known techniques for recovering metals in waste comprising only one type of metal, in particular by refining or melting, are not directly usable for such applications. Thus, methods have already been developed for recovering different metals contained in electronic waste. In a first known method, based on pyrometallurgy, the waste undergoes sequentially: - a heat treatment to homogenize the metal source (roasting) and separate plastics and refractory oxides; An oxidation allowing the separation; and - ripening. Such a method is used particularly for recovering copper, nickel or zinc. This known process, however, has drawbacks, and in particular: - the burning of plastic materials and other flammable materials has adverse ecological consequences, including the emission of furans and dioxins; it involves a chemical treatment whose ecological consequences are important; - it is a big consumer of energy and requires important processing times; - it is limited to the recovery of certain metals, excluding, in particular, aluminum, iron and tantalum. [0004] A so-called hydro-metallurgical process based on the use of a solvent, and in particular an acid or a halide, has also been proposed, followed by separation and purification processes such as by precipitation of impurities, extraction of solvent, adsorption and ion exchange to isolate and concentrate metals. [0005] For example, the oxidation of electronic waste by sulfuric acid allows the leaching of copper and silver, while the cyanidation makes it possible to recover gold, silver, palladium and a small amount of gold. amount of copper. The hydrometallurgical process is used in particular for aluminum, zinc and copper, but also for nickel, chromium and manganese. This known method, however, uses significant amounts of acid, which is a strong handicap in terms of ecology and safety. It has also been proposed in a known manner biotechnological processes using bacteria or fungi. [0006] However, these processes are still in the experimental phase and have not yet proved their effectiveness, particularly with regard to economic and ecological criteria. In the absence of satisfactory industrial solutions, there are still many parts of the world where electronic waste is simply burned, in an attempt to recover a small portion of the metals. These processes, however, are an ecological disaster and health, and ultimately allow only a tiny recovery of materials. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims at overcoming all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art and at proposing a method which makes it possible to recover various metals included in the so-called electronic waste composition, with a degree of purity. satisfactory, while not requiring heat input or reagents, and not causing undesirable releases. It is based on the discovery that by carrying out a fragmentation of this waste with a certain fineness, making it possible to individualize the constituents of the waste, and by conveying these fragments in a liquid medium, it was possible to apply treatments to them. mechanical separation extremely effective, without the use of reagents, without undesirable releases 30 and with limited energy consumption. [0007] Thus, a method is proposed for treating electronic waste with a view to recovering metals included in such waste, characterized in that it comprises the following succession of steps: grinding the waste with a particle size of 5%; individualizing the different metallic constituents of the waste, - mixing the crushed waste with a liquid to form a suspension, - hydrocycling the suspension to separate the particles of the highest densities, containing the majority of the metals, from the particles of the lowest densities - densimetric separation of metals from each other. Certain advantageous but optional features of this process, taken individually or in any combination which the skilled person will identify as technically compatible, are as follows: The average particle size after the milling step is between about 20 and 100 pm, and preferably close to 50 pm. the proportion of solid in the suspension is between about 5 and 30% by weight, preferably between 8% and 15% by weight. the liquid is water, the suspension also containing a wetting agent, preferably a nonionic agent. the densimetric separation step is carried out by one or more separation machines selected from a group comprising centrifugal gravity separators, densimetric tables, flotation type separators, spiral concentrators and multigrain drum separators. the method comprises a set of separation machines connected in cascade and adjusted to different density ranges. the method comprises, before the densimetric separation step, a magnetic separation step. The method further comprises a final conditioning step comprising removal of the liquid and pelleting of the separated metals. [0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: the single figure is a block diagram of the various steps of the method of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to the drawing, the various steps of the method of the invention and means for carrying out these steps will be described below. . The method comprises the following steps. [0009] Step 1: Micronization This step comprises grinding the electronic waste (whole cards, smart card, etc.) until obtaining a powder of particles of average size preferably between 20 and 100 μm, and more preferably close to 50 μm; this grinding can be carried out in one or more stages depending on the nature of the waste and their expected composition with possible return to the grinding of too coarse particles from a downstream granulometric sorting. Different suppliers market machines based on different grinding technologies (ball, attrition, knives, etc.) and which are capable of carrying out this grinding, and in particular the company Poittemill, Béthune, France, the company Manfredini & Schianti, Sasuollo, Italy, Atritor, Coventry, United Kingdom, Pulveris, Aniche, France, or Hosokawa Alpine, Augsburg, Germany. It should be observed here that grinding with such a particle size makes it possible to ensure that the various constituents of the treated electronic products are sufficiently individualized to be able to guarantee the good quality of the subsequent separation steps, such as we will describe them. Step 2: Aqueous slurrying The micronized particles in step 1 are introduced into an aqueous medium, preferably water, in a proportion of about 8 to 15% by weight solids; this suspension can be carried out by stirring in a tank; if necessary, a wetting agent such as a surfactant, preferably nonionic and non-foaming, is incorporated into the aqueous medium to facilitate suspension. This liquid medium remains the vehicle of the micronized particles during all subsequent steps, and will be eliminated at the end of separation as will be seen later. [0010] Step 3: Metal / Nonmetal Separation This step is preferably carried out with a hydrocyclonic separation device, which makes it possible to separate, on the one hand, the particles with the highest densities (typically all the metals), and on the other hand the lowest density particles, typically polymers and other non-metallic particles; in a manner known per se, the densest particles are projected against the conical wall of the hydrocyclone and are discharged from the hydrocyclone by its lower opening ("underflow" in English terminology), while the lighter particles back by the ascending secondary vortex and form a flow called "overflow" opening into an upper opening. By an optimal choice of the diameter of the cyclone, its length and the cone angle of the cyclone, the outlet diameter of the upper flow ("overflow" in English terminology) in the head of cyclone 30 ("vortex finder "in English terminology), the diameter of the outlet nozzle (" spigot "in English terminology) of the lower flow 3025806 7 (" underflow "in English terminology), we manage to direct the particles the heavier (metals) to the lower opening, while the lighter (polymer) materials suspended in the solution rise upwards in the vortex and exit through the upper opening, with a possibility of fine adjustment of the density. For example, a hydrocyclone manufactured by Salter Cyclones Ltd., Cheltenham, United Kingdom, FLSmidth & Krebbs, Valby, Denmark, Neyrtec Minerai, Lorient, France, or Multotec, Johannesburg, South Africa is used. South. [0011] Step 4: Magnetic separation (optional) The densest particles from hydrocycloning, consisting essentially of metal particles suspended in the liquid stream, are magnetically separated to isolate magnetic metals, typically ferrous metals, Other metals It is possible, for example, to use the process commercially proposed by Liquisort Recycling BV, El Son, The Netherlands. It should be noted here that depending on the type of electronic waste, this step is optional. In particular, the ferrite type materials may also be recovered if necessary by the downstream densimetric separation step as will now be described. Step 5: Densimetric separation The particles consisting essentially of metals of different densities (either non-ferrous from the magnetic separation, or all of the metals from the previous step when no magnetic separation is provided), are then subjected to a densimetric separation step to isolate metals of different densities from each other; the separating means may be selected from centrifugal gravimetric separators, densimetric tables, and flotation type separators or spiral concentrators; depending on the nature of the waste, the number of metals to be separated and the type of separator, the separation means can be arranged in different ways; advantageously, gravity concentrators such as those from the Falcon range marketed by the company Sepro, Langley, Canada, or those (Knelson concentrators) marketed by FLSMidth & Krebbs, Valby, Denmark, or even preferentially multigravity separators, are advantageously used. drum machine by Salter Cyclones Ltd., Cheltenham, United Kingdom. Preferably, the flow of the liquid medium transporting the particles to be separated in cascade is passed through a succession of separation devices, each device delivering a metal having a certain density; depending on the type of separator, it is possible to proceed with increasing densities or decreasing densities (decreasing densities with the Salter multigrain separators). [0012] Optionally, iteration is carried out at each separation to increase the concentration and thereby achieve the desired degree of purity for each metal. In addition, depending on the separation capacity of the machines with respect to the liquid flow to be treated, it is possible to provide, for the separation of a given metal, several machines operating in parallel or cascade. Typically, it is expected to set machines for the separation of the following metals: aluminum, copper, iron, lead, tin, gold, silver, tantalum. However, depending on the upstream nature of the waste treated (particularly the qualities of the electronic cards), it may be decided to neglect certain metals, or to add others. In the case of metals of neighboring densities, it is furthermore possible to separate them together, and to provide a subsequent differentiation treatment. It will also be noted that upstream, a hydrocycloning separation of the same type as that used for separating the plastics may be used to separate the less dense metals, and in particular aluminum. Step 6: Final Conditioning The different metals separated in the previous step, still in particulate form in a liquid carrier, are stripped of the liquid, typically by filtration and drying, and then subjected to conditioning treatments, such as compacting pellets, for each recovered metal. [0013] If necessary, an upstream characterization of the waste to be treated can be carried out, by any known analysis method, in order possibly to adjust the process steps, and in particular the parameters of the hydrocycloning and the densimetric separation. Final characterization of the recovered metals can also be carried out in order to estimate their degree of purity and to identify possible secondary metals still present, and to detect possible separation defects in the process. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description, but those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous variations or modifications thereto.
权利要求:
Claims (9) [0001] REVENDICATIONS1. A method of processing electronic waste for the recovery of metals included in such waste, characterized in that it comprises the succession of the following steps: - grinding the waste with a particle size to individualize the different metal components of the waste - mixing the milled waste with a liquid to form a suspension, - hydrocycling the suspension to separate the particles of the highest densities, containing the majority of the metals, the particles of the lowest densities, - densimetric separation of the metals others. [0002] 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the average size of the particles after the grinding step is between about 20 and 100 pm, and preferably about 50 pm. [0003] 3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the proportion of solid in the suspension is between about 5 and 30% by weight, preferably between about 8% and 15% by weight. [0004] 4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the liquid is water, the suspension further containing a wetting agent. [0005] 5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the wetting agent is nonionic. [0006] 6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the densimetric separation step is carried out by one or more separating machines selected from a group comprising centrifugal gravimetric separators, densimetric tables, flotation type separators, spiral concentrators and multigrain drum separators. 5 [0007] 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a set of separation machines connected in cascade and adjusted to different density ranges. [0008] 8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises, before the densimetric separation step, a magnetic separation step. [0009] 9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further comprises a final conditioning step comprising a liquid elimination and pelleting of the separated metals.
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2015-09-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 | 2016-03-18| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160318 | 2016-09-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 | 2017-09-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 | 2018-09-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 | 2019-09-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 | 2020-09-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 FR1458646A|FR3025806B1|2014-09-15|2014-09-15|PROCESS FOR PROCESSING AND EXTRACTING ELECTRONIC WASTE FOR RECOVERING COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN SUCH WASTE| FR1458646|2014-09-15|FR1458646A| FR3025806B1|2014-09-15|2014-09-15|PROCESS FOR PROCESSING AND EXTRACTING ELECTRONIC WASTE FOR RECOVERING COMPONENTS INCLUDED IN SUCH WASTE| KR1020177008825A| KR20170056577A|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Method for processing and removing electornic waste with a view to recovering the components included in such waste| US15/511,073| US20170253946A1|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Method for processing and removing electronic waste with a view to recovering the components included in such waste| CA2961441A| CA2961441A1|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Procede de traitement et d'extraction de dechets electroniques en vue de la recuperation des constituants inclus dans de tels dechets| EP15787012.2A| EP3194076A1|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Method for processing and removing electronic waste with a view to recovering the components included in such waste| MX2017003357A| MX2017003357A|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Method for processing and removing electronic waste with a view to recovering the components included in such waste.| CN201580060638.7A| CN107073478B|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Method for treating and removing electronic waste with the aim of recovering components contained in such waste| MA040646A| MA40646A|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Method for processing and removing electronic waste with a view to recovering the components included in such waste| JP2017534019A| JP2017527442A|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Method for processing and removing electrical and electronic equipment waste for the purpose of recovering components contained in electrical and electronic equipment waste| AP2017009808A| AP2017009808A0|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Method for processing and removing electronic waste with a view to recovering the components included in such waste| PCT/IB2015/057075| WO2016042469A1|2014-09-15|2015-09-15|Method for processing and removing electronic waste with a view to recovering the components included in such waste| ZA2017/02043A| ZA201702043B|2014-09-15|2017-03-23|Method for processing and removing electronic waste with a view to recovering the components included in such waste| 相关专利
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